Piazza and Palazzo del Quirinale historical timeline

An ancient hilltop of temples, then three centuries of papal summers, then a royal palace, and since 1946 the seat of the Italian Republic's President.

Chronology

1. Legendary period — the hill takes its name because the temple of Quirinus, or the city of the Curii, once stood there, whence by legend the Sabines of Titius Tatius moved to settle on this height.
2. Antiquity — for its elevated position and particular healthiness the site holds residential nuclei and important public and religious buildings.
3. 217 AD — Caracalla builds the Temple of Serapis here, from which the sculptural group of the Dioscuri comes.
4. 5th century BC original — the Dioscuri groups are Roman reworkings of the imperial age after a Greek original of the 5th century BC.
5. 16th century — the gardens of about 4 hectares date from this period, as does the Fontana dell'Organo.
6. 16th–17th century — the palace is built and extended by Domenico Fontana, Carlo Maderno and Gian Lorenzo Bernini, who creates the Loggia delle Benedizioni; for over three centuries it is the summer residence of the popes.
7. 1732 — Ferdinando Fuga erects Palazzo della Consulta on the right side of the square, commissioned by Clement XII for the tribunal of the Sacra Consulta.
8. 18th century — Fuga also builds the Coffee House at a panoramic point of the park.
9. After unification — the palace becomes the dwelling of the kings of Italy.
10. 1946 — it becomes the symbol-place of the life of the Italian Republic and the seat of the Presidency of the Republic.
11. 2019 — contemporary art makes its official entrance with "Quirinale Contemporaneo", placing hundreds of works permanently in the courtyards, halls and gardens, at the Tenuta di Castelporziano and at Villa Rosebery.

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